Handling Access to Agrarian Reform After Legalization of Assets in Cilacap Regency (The Relationship between Access to Agrarian Reform and Community Motivation in Utilizing Land Certificates)

, Cilacap Regency as the location for the 2022 Cilacap Regency Land Office's Agrarian Reform Access Handling activity. This activity builds on the asset structuring activities conducted through PTSL in 2021. Research on Handling Access We conducted a quantitative study using the Sperm Correlation Test following the legalization of assets in Sidamukti Village, Patimuan District, Cilacap Regency. The study's findings demonstrate that we followed the Technical Guidelines for Handling Access to Agrarian Reform in 2022 when managing access to agrarian reform. There exists a correlation between the implementation of agrarian reform access management and the community's motivation to utilize land certificates. Additionally, a correlation exists between the community's proficiency in information and production technology, specifically in entrepreneurship, and their utilization of land certificates following asset validation.


A. Introduction
Agrarian Reform (RA-Reforma Agraria) is a big agenda of the Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (Ministry of ATR/BPN) mandated by TAP MPR IX/MPR/2001 concerning Agrarian Reform and Natural Resources Management.The implementation of agrarian reform is a continuous process intended to carry out arrangements related to the control, ownership, use, and utilization of land so that it can realize justice and prosperity, especially in the land sector.Arisaputra (2013) explained Agrarian Reform as a restructuring or restructuring of the ownership, control, and use of agrarian resources, especially land.Fauzi (2022) explained, RA is the creation of social justice which is characterized by the existence of agrarian justice, increased productivity, and increased people's welfare.RA can then be understood as an activity that strengthens the structure of land ownership and control through the implementation of asset management activities which are then carried out access arrangements to provide a way for the community to access sources of capital, technology and a role in obtaining welfare.Further examining the implementation of RA, based on TAP MPR IX/MPR/2001 Article 2, we can know 2 main aspects of Agrarian Reform (RA), namely the aspect of control and ownership (land reform), which is carried out through asset structuring in the form of land redistribution and asset legalization.The 2nd aspect is in the form of land use and utilization through access arrangement activities.
In essence, RA is carried out to improve community welfare through government policies (Salim & Utami, 2020).However, in achieving these goals, RA cannot be carried out optimally by using power and authority, but it needs to be sustainable with the active role of the community.Continuity between policymakers and the active role of the community is needed to understand the characteristics of a region.The element of the active role of the community orrelated stakeholders in the implementation of RA is needed considering the characteristics of each region in Indonesia and the uniqueness and needs of each region.The community or stakeholders are considered as parties who directly understand the conditions of the field with their respective characteristics.Rohman and Astuti (2019) stated that the implementation of providing access in the framework of RA is related to increasing the capacity building of the community with very specific conditions, so that the implementation must prioritize the wishes and will of the community so that they can read the potential conditions of the area.
Until now, the Ministry of ATR/BPN has been aggressive in accelerating asset legalization activities both through Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL), land redistribution, cross-sector land registration, and other activities both sporadically and systematically (Dempo et al., 2021;Salim, 2020).In order to follow up on the implementation of the asset legalization activities, access structuring activities need to be carried out as a form of continued efforts by the government, especially the Ministry of ATR/BPN, to deliver the community to real and comprehensive welfare.
However, in the implementation of access arrangements, it has not been implemented optimally.The implementation of access arrangements that have been implemented is often only able to deliver the public to the ease of public access in the field of capital through banking.This step is considered not to be able to provide community welfare in a sustainable manner (Riyadi et al., 2020).Actually, through access planning, it is hoped that it will be able to provide more benefits to the community by creating an empowered society independently.Referring to the 2022 Technical Guidelines for Handling Access to Agrarian Reform (ARA), access arrangements can be carried out by providing easy access to capital and other forms to RA subjects based on the principles of participation, independence, entrepreneurship, justice, prosperity, and sustainability.Economic improvement cannot be done only by relying on the availability of capital, but strong technical and managerial skills are also needed to adapt to competitive trade market conditions.The provision of access in forms other than access to capital can be carried out through the provision of education, training, and other assistance to support the technical and managerial capabilities of the community.Facing this reality, it is undeniable that the implementation of access arrangements needs to be further developed in order to create wider benefits and be able to create the widest possible number of jobs, especially to create prosperity in the economic sector (Gibran et al., 2023).Rohman and Astuti's (2019) study on the implementation of Acces Reform in the Agrarian Reform program in the Annual Village, Annual District, Jepara Regency, showed that the main reason why access wasn't handled in the RA was because the land office wasn't following the existing technical instructions for Acces Reform.A study by Winarso et al. (2022) using a descriptive and qualitative method looked into Access to Reform through Organic Rice Development in Rawajaya Village, Cilacap Regency.They found that the public still doesn't fully understand how the Acces Reform program works, and the lack of supporting infrastructure makes it hard to handle ARA.The land office's inadequate comprehension of the empowerment model hinders the sustainable implementation of access handling models.In the study conducted by Komala et al. (2021) on the impact of the agrarian reform program on the welfare level of farmer households in Pasawahan Village, Banjaranyar District, Ciamis Regency, it was found that the implementation of RA can only enhance physical assets through the issuance of land certificates.Kurniawan et al. (2020) conducted previous research on the use of certificates, using a quantitative approach on 30 business actors.Their findings revealed that the PTSL program does not fully utilize land rights certificates to boost capital for these actors.According to Monsaputra, Munibah, and Panuju (2022) using a quantitative approach of logistic regression analysis, the number of family members, area, and expenses were the determinants of the use of certificates.Mardiana, Siregar, and Juanda (2016) conducted research on the benefits of land certificates and found that land certification, distance to regional development centers, and regional economic development levels (GDP) significantly increased land prices in Sukoharjo Regency.Several previous studies on the ARA arrangement reveal that the land office has not implemented the lack of access arrangement optimally, despite following existing technical instructions.
The Cilacap Regency Land Office has chosen Sidamukti Village in Patimuan District as the site for its Agrarian Reform Access (ARA) handling activities.This is in line with the Head of the Cilacap Regency Land Office's Decree Number: 2364/SK-33.01.NP.02.03/II/2022, which says that this is where the ARA handling activities for Cilacap Regency will take place in 2022.The Cilacap Regency Land Office conducted the ARA Handling Activity for 260 Heads of Families (KK) recipients, who had their land assets legalized under the 2021 PTSL program.The Cilacap Regency Land Office carries out access handling in Sidamukti Village, Patimuan District, Cilacap Regency, using the community land empowerment method based on corporate agriculture (cooperative farming).The implementation of access handling led to the creation of various business modeling groups, including mushroom cultivation, maggot cultivation, fish pellet production, coconut coir processing (coco fiber), and agricultural and MSME training.Business training and capital provided by the land office is a form of transfer of knowledge and a form of facility assistance provided to the community in increasing community income through the empowerment of productive businesses in the village.
The Cilacap Regency Land Office conducted a survey of social mapping respondents in 2022, focusing on access to capital in 500 households to identify social problems in Sidamukti Village.The survey revealed that 93% (467 households) lacked loans from banks or cooperatives, while 6% (30 households) had bank loans and 1% (3 households) had cooperative loans.The 2022 Final Report on Agrarian Reform Access Activities of the Cilacap Regency Land Office illustrates the low interest of the community in Sidamukti Village, Patimuan District, Cilacap Regency in utilizing the Land Rights Certificate (HAT).The report's results demonstrate the public's limited understanding of using certificates obtained through asset legalization activities as a source of capital.This condition is an indicator for the government, especially the land office, to understand the community's needs in achieving economic welfare.Creating community independence through empowerment involves not only providing business capital, but also enhancing the community's capacity to think, make decisions, and live independently and sustainably.Lack of ability, knowledge, experience, facilities, and infrastructure, as well as the will to be entrepreneurial, are other obstacles to creating sustainable economic awareness for the community.This is a critical discussion for the implementation of access arrangement activities in the RA.Policymakers can use access management activities as a tool to comprehend the community's needs and viewpoints, enabling them to achieve sustainable economic, social, and political independence.
Based on the background of these socio-economic conditions, this study was conducted to find out how the implementation of the Agrarian Reform Access Handling activities of the Cilacap Regency Land Office in Sidamukti Village, Patimuan District, to find out the relationship between the implementation of ARA handling activities and the use of land certificates after asset legalization, as well as the relationship between the level of information knowledge and community production technology related to entrepreneurship and the utilization of land certificates after asset legalization.

B. Research Methods
We conducted a study on Handling Access After Legalization of Assets in Sidamukti Village, Patimuan District, Cilacap Regency, employing a quantitative approach and survey data collection.We prepare the research instrument, a questionnaire, using a quantitative approach and survey research method.This instrument aims to interpret the research question by gathering sufficient data and information about the relationship between the implementation of ARA handling and the use of land certificates following asset legalization (Kusumastuti et al., 2020;Abduh et al., 2023).We compile the research instruments in a questionnaire using the Likert scale, taking into account variables related to the need for information and technology knowledge in entrepreneurship, managing access to agrarian reform, and the use of post-legalization certificates of assets.
The population in this study is the community that is the subject of the 2022 Cilacap Regency Land Office's Agrarian Reform Access Handling activity, which includes as many as 260 families.We selected the sample using a random sampling technique, following the recommendations of Frankel et al. (2011): for descriptive research, we need a minimum of 100 samples; for correlated research, we need 50 samples; for comparable causal research, we need 30 samples for each group; and for experimental research, we need 30 or 15 samples for each group.By considering the type of research, the extent of the coverage, and the characteristics of the research population, the number of samples used in this study is 50, as stated by Frankel et al. (2011), who stated that in research that is correlated, the minimum number of samples is 50.
We conducted this research in Sidamukti Village, Patimuan District, Cilacap Regency.Sidamukti  We conducted the research data analysis using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software, processing the collected data and applying a quantitative approach.The SPSS application used a non-parametric correlation test of Spearman Rho analysis with a significance level of 5% or 0.05 to process the data and determine the relationship between each research variable.We used the Spearman Rho analysis correlation test to analyze the closeness, direction, and significance of the relationship between variables.The following variables were used in this study: The variables in this study include managing access to agrarian reform (x1), understanding information and production technology (x2), and making use of land certificates (y).

C. Implementation of Agrarian Reform Access Activities in Cilacap Regency
Sidamukti Village, Patimuan District, Cilacap Regency, is a village that has carried out asset legalization activities, particularly the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) activity in 2021.
Perhutani previously included Sidamukti Village in their assets, which they later released in 1986.As a form of structuring land assets, the implementation of massive asset legalization activities was carried out by the Cilacap Regency Land Office, especially from 2020 to 2022.In addition to implementing asset legalization activities, the Cilacap Regency Land Office also carried out Access Reform activities as a component of their RA initiatives.The Technical Guidelines for Handling Access to Agrarian Reform in 2022 are what the implementation of ARA handling activities is based on.These guidelines have six stages, which are figuring out the location, counseling, social mapping, making models, mentoring, and getting ARA recipient data ready.The Cilacap Regency Land Office's ARA handling activities demonstrate the collaboration between the land office, the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD), and related institutions.
The following table illustrates the role of related Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) in the implementation of ARA handling activities in Sidamukti Village in 2022: Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, the following is the assistance provided by the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD) and related institutions in the implementation of ARA handling activities in Sidamukti Village in 2022: forming long hairs that can serve as planting media for crafts due to their organic, robust, and longlasting qualities.
The Field Staff team handling Agrarian Reform Access (ARA) determined the form of business modeling in the ARA handling activities of the Cilacap Regency Land Office in 2022 based on an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, also known as a SWOT analysis.This analysis was conducted as a follow-up to the implementation of social mapping activities.The approval for fish pellet production stemmed from the underutilization of a significant amount of rice waste (dedek), and the fact that most people own poultry and fish livestock, which naturally necessitate substantial feed.We approved maggot cultivation as a solution to decompose waste and generate economic value, taking into account the substantial amount of unutilized household organic waste.The community can use maggots as a high-protein alternative to animal feed.The approval of Coco Fiber stemmed from the significant amount of unused coconut fiber, a result of individuals solely utilizing their own coconuts.Given the significant export demand for Coco Fiber, it presents a promising business opportunity.The approval of mushroom cultivation is based on the significant market demand for mushroom products, which can be harvested daily in large quantities.The mushroom cultivation group hopes that mushroom products can serve as a daily source of income.
The development of a business will certainly encounter obstacles.Obstacles that arise in the development of business groups include a lack of public understanding, a lack of business capital, poor marketing, decreased enthusiasm among members, a lack of raw materials, pests, uncertain weather, and the absence of product licenses.Research reveals that in the fish pellet manufacturing industry, group members must take the lead from the start, as they lack any prior knowledge about the process.
Group members' enthusiasm poses a challenge, as they typically view their work in the ARA business group as a secondary activity.Members' involvement in other farming activities has led to a decrease in coconut coir production activities, particularly during the harvest season.Furthermore, the lack of licenses related to products that have been produced by the community in ARA handling activities is an obstacle to the development of community businesses to enter a wider market.

D. The Relationship between the Implementation of Agrarian Reform Access Handling Activities and the Utilization of Land Certificates After Asset Legalization
The results of the Sperm Correlation Test to see the relationship between the implementation of ARA handling activities and the use of land certificates after legalization can be seen in Figure 2: The Spearman Rho Correlation Test, conducted on 50 respondents (attached), revealed a significant value of 0.047 or less than 0.05 for the variables related to the implementation of Agrarian Reform Access (X1) and community motivation in using land certificates (Y).This indicates a relationship between the implementation of Agrarian Reform Access (X1) and community motivation in using land certificates (Y).The results of the Spearman Rho CoThe Spearman Rho Correlation Test, conducted using SPSS software, yielded a correlation coefficient value of 0.283, indicating a weak but significant relationship between the implementation of Agrarian Reform Access (X1) and community motivation inThe relationship between the variable X1 and Y exhibits a positive or unidirectional direction, suggesting that an increase in Agrarian Reform Access (X1) handling activities will lead to an increase in community motivation to utilize land certificates (Y).
The correlation test in this study, which examines the relationship between the implementation of ARA handling and community motivation in utilizing land certificates, reveals a unidirectional or positive relationship.The test results indicate that increasing Agrarian Reform Access (X1) activities will boost community motivation in using land certificates (Y).This correlation test reveals a positive relationship, indicating that sustainable implementation of ARA handling activities is necessary to boost community motivation in land certificate utilization and surmount challenges in the growth of empowerment business groups.These challenges include diminishing member enthusiasm and a lack of comprehension among business group members regarding the modeling involved in ARA handling activities.

E. The Relationship between the Level of Knowledge of Information and Community Production Technology Related to Entrepreneurship and the Utilization of Land Certificates After Asset Legalization
The results of the Sperman rho Correlation Test to see the relationship between the level of knowledge of information and community production technology related to entrepreneurship and the use of land certificates after legalization can be seen in Figure 3: The Spearman Rho Correlation Test results on 50 respondents (attached) revealed a significant value of 0.00 or less than 0.05 for the variable of the level of knowledge of information and technology of community production related to entrepreneurship (X2) with the use of land certificates after asset legalization (Y).This indicates a relationship between the level of knowledge of information and community production technology related to entrepreneurship and the use of land certificates after asset legalization.The correlation coefficient between the level of knowledge of information and production technology in the community related to entrepreneurship (X2) and the use of land certificates after asset legalization (Y) reveals a value of 0.707, indicating a robust relationship between the variables (X2) and (Y).The relationship between variable X2 and variable Y exhibits a positive or unidirectional direction, suggesting that an increase in community knowledge of information and production technology related to entrepreneurship (X2) will lead to a corresponding increase in community motivation to utilize land certificates (Y).
The results of the correlation test in this study show that there is a significant relationship between the level of information knowledge and production technology of the community related to entrepreneurship and the use of land certificates after asset legalization.The correlation test conducted in this study reveals a positive or unidirectional relationship between the level of community production information and technology knowledge related to entrepreneurship and the use of land certificates after asset legalization.This suggests that an increase in community production information and technology knowledge related to entrepreneurship (X2) will lead to an increase in community motivation to utilize land certificates (Y).The correlation test's results reveal that the community's access to information and production technology can inspire them to seize current business opportunities, such as leveraging land certificates as collateral for loans to secure business capital.

Welfare
Through asset structuring activities and access arrangements, agrarian reform strengthens the structure of land ownership and control, enabling the community to access capital sources, technology, and play a role in obtaining welfare.The government, through the Ministry of ATR/BPN, anticipates that ARA handling activities, a method of access planning implementation, will motivate the community to secure welfare through the use of land certificates.We carry out ARA handling activities based on six principles: participation, independence, entrepreneurship, justice, prosperity, and sustainability, while considering the community's potential contribution and interests.The statistical test in this study shows the continuity of the relationship between the implementation of ARA handling activities and the use of land certificates.The continuity between ARA handling activities and community utilization of land certificates shows the importance of collaboration between the government as a policymaker and the community in creating social and economic welfare.ARA handling activities aim to use a region's potential to build independent, fair, and sustainable community welfare.Based on previously submitted research results, ARA handling activities demonstrate a collaborative effort between the land office and the community to develop innovative business solutions that cater to local conditions and community needs.
Innovations developed through ARA handling activities empower the community to enhance their skills, enabling them to seize new business opportunities by leveraging existing conditions.In this case, the land office plays a crucial role in enhancing the community's knowledge and skills through various training programs.The Cilacap Regency Land Office's activities encourage the community to utilize certificates as collateral.The Cilacap Regency Land Office demonstrates its implementation of ARA handling activities by offering a variety of entrepreneurship trainings and providing infrastructure assistance in the form of production tools through inter-agency agreements (Perjadin).The land office's focus on training activities and the provision of production tools aligns with Andriaty, Sankarto, and Setyorini's (2011) assertion that farmers, particularly, prioritize information on production technology, followed by marketing and post-harvest information.The results of the interviews conducted for this study also demonstrate the community's need for production tools.Skills in producing a product and the availability of tools are important parts of the community's business development.This study's statistical test demonstrates the ongoing correlation between the level of information knowledge, community production technology, entrepreneurship, and the use of land certificates following asset legalization.
An important concern in the implementation of ARA handling activities is the close relationship between public knowledge about entrepreneurship and the use of land certificates.We expect the implementation of ARA handling activities to not only encourage the community to use certificates as collateral, but also to provide skills that enhance public knowledge, enabling them to maximize environmental conditions.The community's understanding of entrepreneurship enables them to fully utilize their existing potential, not just in terms of acquiring business capital.Kurniawan, Sudibyanung, and Supriyanti's (2020) research demonstrates that the PTSL program has not fully utilized land rights certificates as a means of boosting capital for business entities.The community can achieve economic welfare by enhancing their entrepreneurial skills and using these certificates as business capital.
The implementation of ARA, as a form of community empowerment, demonstrates a positive change in community welfare.By implementing ARA handling activities, the land office provides opportunities for the community to develop their ability to create business opportunities.The carried out research reveals a surge in community motivation to enhance welfare.The community realizes its welfare through efforts to improve skills, build market networks, and strengthen existing institutions, a process that manifests in the formation of business groups.The skills acquired from managing ARA activities broaden the community's perspective, enabling them to harness the potential of existing areas for income generation, thereby reducing their reliance on the agricultural and plantation sectors, which have become the primary business sectors for the people of Sidamukti Village, Patimuan District.
The research analysis on ARA handling activities in Sidamukti Village, Patimuan District, Cilacap Regency, reveals that the implementation of these activities cannot be limited to merely encouraging the community to use certificates as a means of accessing capital.The Cilacap Regency Land Office expects the implementation of ARA handling activities to enhance community capacity for achieving prosperity through various entrepreneurship trainings.Through the interviews conducted in this study, it can be known that various entrepreneurship trainings are given encouragement to the community to expand information in developing businesses and overcome obstacles that arise in the development of business groups.We expect the community to implement the RA approach and use certificates as a source of business capital to accelerate the development of community business groups.

G. Conclusion
The Cilacap Regency Land Office has conducted ARA handling activities in Sidamukti Village, Patimuan District, Cilacap Regency, following the stages outlined in the Technical Instructions for Handling Access to Agrarian Reform in 2022.These activities include location determination, counseling, social mapping, model preparation, assistance, and the preparation of ARA recipient data.
In Sidamukti Village, the ARA handling activities led to the formation of four business groups: fish pellet making, maggot cultivation, coconut coir/coco fiber, and mushroom farming.Obstacles that arise in the development of business groups include a lack of public understanding, business capital, low marketing, decreased enthusiasm among members, a lack of raw materials, pests, uncertain weather, and the absence of product licenses.
There is a relationship between ARA handling implementation and community motivation to use land certificates.The Spearman Rho Correlation Test results indicated a weak but significant relationship between the implementation of ARA handling (X1) and community motivation in utilizing land certificates (Y).The relationship between the variable X1 and Y exhibits a positive or unidirectional direction, suggesting that an increase in Agrarian Reform Access (X1) handling activities will lead to an increase in community motivation to utilize land certificates (Y).
There is a relationship between the level of knowledge of information and community production technology related to entrepreneurship and the use of land certificates after asset legalization.The results of the Spearman Rho Correlation Test showed that there was a strong relationship between the variable (X2) and the variable (Y).The relationship between variable X2 and variable Y exhibits a positive or unidirectional direction, indicating that an increase in community knowledge of information and production technology related to entrepreneurship (X2) will increase community motivation to utilize land certificates (Y).

Attachment
Village, Patimuan District, is geographically situated in the western part of Cilacap Regency.The population of Sidamukti Village, Patimuan District, is approximately 10,159, with 5,152 male residents and 4,999 female residents.The agricultural sector occupies 595.9 hectares of land in the Sidamukti Village area, while plantations occupy 290 hectares.The farming profession dominates the livelihood of the people of Sidamukti Village, Patimuan District, with an income of 1-2 million rupiah per month.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Results of Sperm Rho Correlation Test on the Implementation of Agrarian Reform Access Handling Activities with the Utilization of Land Certificates After Asset Legalization Source: Research Data Processing 2023

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Results of Sperman Rho Correlation Test on the Level of Knowledge of Information and Community Production Technology Related to Entrepreneurship with the Utilization of Land Certificates After Asset Legalization Source: Research Data Processing 2023

Table 1 .
The Role of Related Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) in the Implementation of Agrarian Reform Access Handling Activities in Sidamukti Village in 2022

Table 2 .
Assistance Provided by Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) and Related Institutions in the Implementation of Agrarian Reform Access Handling Activities in Sidamukti Village in 2022 The community's needs and desires must undoubtedly guide the execution of ARA handling activities, including community empowerment activities.It is hoped that by gathering the community's needs and desires, the implementation of ARA handling activities can be carried out appropriately.Involving the community in empowerment activities is crucial as it allows us to understand their needs, desires, raw material availability, and existing issues in the area.The Cilacap Regency Land Office's ARA handling activities are in accordance with the Minutes of the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) in the Context of Access to Agrarian Reform for the 2022 Fiscal Year Number: 10062/BA-33.01.UP.02/VII/2022.Based on the community's needs, four business typesfish pellet production, maggot cultivation, coconut coir/coco fiber production, and mushroom cultivation-have garnered the most votes.Maggot is the larva of the Black Soldier Fly (BSF).Maggot is the development of the second phase in the methamorphosis process of BSF flies from eggs to adult flies.The metamorphosis cycle of BSF flies consists of the egg phase, larval baby phase, adult larval phase (Maggot), prepupa phase, pupa phase, and adult fly phase.Maggot is often used as a source of animal feed because it has a high protein content and complete essential amino acids that can meet the needs of livestock.The milling and decomposition process transforms coconut fiber into coco fiber,