Land Registration Policy and the Absence of Gender Justice in North Sumatra

M. Nazir Salim; Trisnanti Widi Rineksi; Rohmat Junarto; Dwi Wulan Pujiriyani; Westi Utami; Rosye C. Vilanova; Dian Aries Mujiburohman; Kusmiarto Kusmiarto; Mujiati Mujiati; Tatag Bagus Narendra; Annisa Nur Aisyah; Lutfia Nursetya Fuadina; Sarjita Sarjita; Millennia Duta Ramadhana; Berlian Imani Putri

doi:10.31292/mj.v5i2.199

Authors

M. Nazir Salim Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4745-1656
Trisnanti Widi Rineksi Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional
Rohmat Junarto Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional
Dwi Wulan Pujiriyani Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional
Westi Utami Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional
Rosye C. Vilanova Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional
Dian Aries Mujiburohman Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional
Kusmiarto Kusmiarto Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7627-2905
Mujiati Mujiati Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional
Tatag Bagus Narendra Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional
Annisa Nur Aisyah Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional
Lutfia Nursetya Fuadina Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional
Sarjita Sarjita Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional
Millennia Duta Ramadhana Student of Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional
Berlian Imani Putri Student of Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31292/mj.v5i2.199

Keywords:

Land Registration, Gender Justice, PTSL, Patrilineal, Spatial Data

Abstract

Gender inequality in formal land ownership remains evident, particularly within indigenous communities, even though land rights are legally guaranteed equally for all citizens. This study evaluates the distribution of land ownership based on gender and to analyze the effectiveness of land registration programs, particularly the Complete Systematic Land Registration program, in North Sumatra Province. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines legal ethnography with quantitative analysis. Data were collected through field observations, focus group discussions, interviews with relevant stakeholders, and a literature review. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to visualize the spatial distribution of land ownership. legal ethnography examined tenure systems and legal-cultural practices in the study sites. The research was conducted in two locations representing different socio-spatial contexts: Samosir Regency (rural-traditional) and Deli Serdang Regency (sub-urban). The findings reveal gender inequality in land ownership. Spatial analysis indicates that men dominate land ownership with 50.52%, while women account for 38.76%, and the remaining 10.72% of the data lack gender identification. The legal ethnographic analysis further shows that the patrilineal system and administrative barriers in land registration—such as the absence of gender-disaggregated data—continue to sustain the marginalization of women in obtaining equal land rights. The study concludes that regional transitions from rural to sub-urban settings provides greater opportunities for women to access land ownership. However, current government programs remain gender-neutral in design, which may inadvertently reinforce existing inequalities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aditya, M. D. (2025). Kebijakan Pelayanan Pertanahan Yang Berkeadilan Gender di Kota Semarang. Jurnal Impresi Indonesia, 4(6), 2051-2062.

Afandi, F. (2022). Penelitian Hukum Interdisipliner Reza Banakar: Urgensi Dan Desain Penelitian Sosio-Legal. Undang: Jurnal Hukum, 5(1), 231-255.

Dewi, R. A. R. M., & Susantio, C. (2024). Penggunaan Sertifikat Elektronik untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pendaftaran Tanah dalam Upaya Pencegahan Mafia Tanah. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(9), 3382-3392.

Firmando, H. B. (2021). Eksistensi Perempuan Batak Toba Ditengah Kemelut Gender Di Tapanuli Bahagian Utara (Analisis Sosiologis). Jurnal kajian gender dan anak, 5(2), 81-98.

Firmando, H. B. (2021). Sistem pertanahan tradisional pada masyarakat batak toba dan relevansinya di Kawasan Danau Toba (analisis sosiologis). Jurnal Ilmiah Sosiologi Agama (JISA), 4(2), 113-135.

Fredriko, A. (2024). Konstruksi Sosial Realitas Perempuan Batak Toba sebagai Parhobas pada Komunitas Adat Batak Toba di Kota Salatiga. Jurnal Neo Societal, 9(3), 141-152.

Goldman, M. J., Davis, A., & Little, J. (2016). Controlling land they call their own: access and women's empowerment in Northern Tanzania. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 43(4), 777-797.

Gultom, E. S. (2024). Dynamics of Toba Batak Women in Forest Conservation through the Perspective of Ecofeminism: Dinamika Perempuan Batak Toba dalam Pelestarian Hutan. Al-Musthalah: Jurnal Riset dan Penelitian Multidisiplin, 1(3).

Hutabarat, P. (2025). Peran Ganda Perempuan Partonun Etnis Batak Toba Di Desa Pansurnapitu Simarlalai Kecamatan Siatas Barita Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Sumatera Utara).

Irianto, S. (2012). Perempuan Diantara Berbagai Pilihan Hukum: Studi mengenai Strategi Perempuan Batak Toba Mendapatkan Akses Harta Waris melalui Sengketa.

Ir Tri Martial, M. P., Harahap, A. R., Jaya, M., IP, S., Nasution, F. U., SH, M., ... & Tirtana, M. A. (2023). Perempuan Dalam Sistem Penguasaan Lahan Perkebunan Kopi Rakyat di Sumatera Utara. Penerbit Adab.

Jahani Chehrehbargh, F., Rajabifard, A., Atazadeh, B., & Steudler, D. (2024). Current challenges and strategic directions for land administration system modernisation in Indonesia. Journal of spatial science, 69(4), 1097-1129.

Jahani Chehrehbargh, F., Rajabifard, A., Atazadeh, B., Steudler, D., & Nugraha, B. W. (2025). Advancing sustainable land governance: extending LADM for integrating global initiatives–a case study in Indonesia. Survey review, 1-15.

Jenkins, A. M., Bayer, N. D., Yousefi Nooraie, R., & Fiscella, K. (2023). Putting the mix in mixed methods research. Hospital Pediatrics, 13(12), e411-e415.

Krismantoro, D. (2024). The Implementation of Land Registration to Provide Legal Certainty in Indonesia. Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review, 4(4), e04291-e04291.

Lindarto, D., Sirojuzilam, S., Badaruddin, B., & Aulia, D. N. (2018, October). Pengaruh Faktor Pengembangan Wilayah Terhadap Perubahan Guna Lahan di Deli Serdang. In Talenta Conference Series: Energy and Engineering (EE) (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 075-079).

Lubis, M. I. (2011). Persepsi masyarakat kelurahan panyanggar baru tentang isteri bekerja (studi atas peran ganda perempuan berperspektif gender) (Doctoral dissertation, IAIN Padangsidimpuan).

Nugaheni, L. A. (2021). Dinamika hukum waris adat dalam sistem kekerabatan patrilineal: Pewarisan terhadap anak perempuan. Literasi Hukum, 5(1), 136-146.

Osa, A. D., Nuwa, G., & Kasim, A. M. (2020). Eksistensi Hukum Waris Adat Pada Sistem Kekerabatan Patrilineal Di Kabupaten Sikka Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Keadilan, 18(1), 20-32.

Pasaribu, R. H. (2023). Beban Ganda Perempuan Batak dalam Partisipasi Politik. Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan, 17(1), 123-132.

Purba, B. M., Sugiarto, A., Nuraini, C., Dian, R., & Kurniawan, H. (2024). Kajian Pemanfaatan Ruang Terhadap Sistem Transportasi Pada Kawasan Perkotaan Batang Kuis. Jurnal Darma Agung, 32(4), 188-199.

Pusdatin Kementerian Agraria dan Tatat Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional, 2025.

Rabbani, F. F., Ardan, M., & Aliyah, K. K. (2024). Problematika Pembagian Waris Adat pada Kekerabatan Patrilineal. Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(2), 42-49.

Rammohan, A., & Johar, M. (2009). The determinants of married women's autonomy in Indonesia. Feminist Economics, 15(4), 31-55.

Read, J. M., & Lam, N. S. N. (2002). Spatial methods for characterising land cover and detecting land-cover changes for the tropics. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 23(12), 2457-2474.

Rihi, M. S. R., Lano, M. L., Nuchri, A. A., Mooy, L. M., Ayuni, N., Dariwu, C. T., Darwis, D., & Hamzah, H. (2025). Pembangunan Berkelanjutan: Dari Konsep SDGs ke Implementasi Lokal. Penerbit Tahta Media.

Sibeth, A., Kozok, U., & Ginting, J. R. (1991). The Batak: Peoples of the island of Sumatra: Living with ancestors. (No Title).

Siburian, D. (2021). Menggugat Perceraian: Kekerasan Gender dalam Praktek Paulakhon pada Masyarakat Batak Toba. Sosiologi: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Ilmu Sosial dan Budaya, 23(2), 211-225.

Simamora, C. S., Marbun, K., & Simanjorang, S. (2015). Hamoraon, Hagabeoan, Hasangapon: Konsep dan Pengaruhnya Bagi Pembentukan Karakter Masyarakat Batak Toba. Perspektif, 10(2), 121-135.

Simangunsong, F. (2013). Pengaruh konsep hagabeon, hamoraon, dan hasangapon terhadap ketidaksetaraan gender dalam amang parsinuan. Sirok Bastra, 1(2), 207-220.

Simanjuntak, B. A. (2015). Arti dan Fungsi Tanah bagi Masyarakat Batak Toba, Karo, Simalungun (Edisi Pembaruan). Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.

Simbolon, N. Y., Nasution, M. Y., & Lubis, M. A. (2019). Pemberdayaan Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Adat Batak Toba dalam Mencegah Kekerasan terhadap Anak. Jurnal Mercatoria, 12(2), 148-159.

Siregar, J. P. R., Sihombing, T. P., & Hutabarat, R. S. (2023). Land theology: Intrigue view of land according to the culture of the Toba Batak people in ecological preservation. Eduvest-Journal of Universal Studies, 3(8), 1465-1474.

Siregar, D., & Gulo, Y. (2020). Eksistensi Parmalim Mempertahankan Adat dan Budaya Batak Toba di Era Modern The existence of Parmalim Defends Toba Batak Customs and Culture in the Modern Era. Anthropos, 6(1), 41-51.

Siregar, D., Daulay, A., Sabrina, H., Aramita, F., & Tarigan, E. D. S. (2024). Pengaruh Manajemen Kewirausahaan terhadap Daya Saing UMKM di Sektor Pariwisata Kabupaten Deli Serdang. EKOMA: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi, 3(2), 1201-1208.

Situmorang, L. (2021). Tinjauan Konsep Hamoraon, Hagabeon, Hasangapon Pada Masyarakat Batak Toba Di Kota Rantauprapat. Civitas (Jurnal Pembelajaran Dan Ilmu Civic), 7(2), 26-35.

Sugiyanto, S., Siregar, H., & Soetarto, E. (2008). Analisis dampak pendaftaran tanah sistematik terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat di Kota Depok. Jurnal manajemen & Agribisnis, 5(2), 64-72.

Sumanto, L. (2020). The future on publication system of land registration in Indonesia. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(03).

Sumule, M. (2022, June). Orang Batak Mempertahankan Identitas Etnisnya. In Indonesian Annual Conference Series (pp. 43-46).

Supriyanto, V. H., & Krismantoro, D. (2020). Juridical Review of The Complete Systematic Land Registration in Indonesia. JL Pol'y & Globalization, 101, 185.

Sutrisno, W. L., Widyanti, A. N., & Akkapin, S. (2025). Legal Certainty of Electronic Land Certificaties in Land Registration in Indonesia. SIBATIK JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan, 4(2), 57-66.

Vergouwen, J. C. (2004). Masyarakat dan Hukum Adat Batak Toba. LKiS Yogyakarta.

Wollman, H. (2007). Policy Evaluation. Dalam G. F. Fischer (Ed.), Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics, and Methods. CRC Press.

Yubaidi, R. S., Mohamad, M., & Abd Aziz, S. N. (2022). Land Registration Acceleration in Indonesia: A Lesson-Learnt Guideline from Land Registration System in Malaysia. UUM Journal of Legal Studies (UUMJLS), 13(01), 155-174.

Yuniawan, E. B., & Sulistyaningrum, E. (2025). Assessing the impact of the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) programme on land values in Indonesia: evidence from Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu Province. Journal of Property Research, 1-24.